Teal vs. Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
Cradle to Grave CO2 Emission Life Cycle Assessment
Mining and Manufacturing
Daily Operations
End of life
| GHG Source | TEAL | BEV | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | Battery Mining & Manufacturing | 2x | 6x |
| Powertrain Mining & Manufacturing | 1x | 2x | |
| Body & Chasis Mining & Manufacturing | 3x | 3x | |
| 02 | Well to Tank Cold Climate (WtT Electricity)*1 | 9x | 16x |
| Well to Tank Cold Climate ( WtT Fuel) | 1x | 0x | |
| Tank to Wheel Cold Climate (TtW)*2 | 3x | 0x | |
| 03 | Recycling(End of Life)*3 | 1x | 2x |
| Total | 20x | 29x |
(1) Electric heat to warmup the cabin increases the energy consumption of a BEV by 20%-30% in cold climates. In larger metros this can be up to 40% due to heavy traffic. Also, current BEVs don’t have winter proof thermal management for battery packs resulting in poor regenerative braking and significant drop in efficiency in cold climates.
(2) With Teal’s range extender onboard, the generator will provide ~35% electric efficiency and ~55% heat efficiency to keep the cabin and battery pack warm under any condition. This will significantly improve the regenerative brake performance and efficiency in ambient temperatures below 10°C that accounts for majority of the days in Canada.
(3) Less battery means less recycling related emissions.
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